计量装置的综合误= 046;

推导过= 243;如下：

•<= /span>= Ｐ１＝ＵＩ１= Ｃos = φ= 3;

•<= /span>= Ｐ2= ＝ＵＩ2Ｃos (φ- &#= 948;１)

•<= /span>= 根据ＴＡ比差定义有= 5306;

•<= /span> f<= span style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;font-size:58%; position:relative;top:.37em;mso-text-raise:-25%'>Ｉ= ＝[= （Ｋ１= Ｉ２= －Ｉ１= ）／Ｉ１]*100% = ;

•<= /span>eh＝（Ｐ２= ＫＩ= －Ｐ１= ）／Ｐ１

•<= /span>= ＝｛［ＵＩ１= （１＋ FA= 353;= ／１００）Ｃos (φ- &#= 948;１)= －ＵＩ１= Ｃos = φ= 5341;／= ＵＩ１= Ｃos = φ ｝＊１０A= 296;％＝｛［= （１＋ FA= 353;= ／１００）Ｃos (φ- &#= 948;１)= ］／= Ｃos = φ －１｝

<= span style=3D'font-size:88%'>•= 一般δ１= 很小，Ｃos = δ１≈１，Ｓin = δ１≈ δ１

•= Ｃos (φ- &#= 948;１)= ＝Ｃos = φ= Ｃos = δ１= ＋Ｓin = φSin δ１ <= span style=3D'position:absolute;top:30.25%;left:10.67%;width:83.52%;height:6.0%= '>=3D= = Ｃos = φ= ＋ δ１Ｓin φ

<= span style=3D'font-size:88%;layout-flow:horizontal'>•ă= 25;：eh＝（δ１tg<= span lang=3DEN-US style=3D'font-family:SimSun;mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun; font-size:88%;layout-flow:horizontal;mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN'>φ= 5291; fＩ= ／１００）＊１００%) =

•δ１= 是用弧度为单位，考= 4385;到实际测试时是用࠳= 8;= = 表示，１分＝0.000291= ，代入上式的得到合= 5104;误= 差的计算式。

•

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2= 、接有电流电压互感= 2120;的单相电路

•eh＝fＩ+ fu＋0.0291（δＩ－δ = Ｕ）tgφ(%)

&#= 948;I

&#= 966;

&#= 948;U

------=_NextPart_01D13E5C.6417CDD0 Content-Location: file:///C:/C51FFBCE/file7630.files/slide0004_image002.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODlhuAC4AHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALBQAJAB6 AIoAgAAAAAAAAAL/hI+py50RnJy02osnzLz7z0EbSJZmKJ7qyh5i2sayF832bdX4zj/939MBhzIh 8agyIpcgJfOZcUKnFCn1yrBity6uN/sNI7TiKbn8PKOX6vWx7R7C4785nWfH5lt7GmuE1IfyB0gk iAGT9PKGs7jycth0A0kYSWJZkfgX2Ijp4NkB+tnIOElqaMonVBiUqsgqehG7EOs4hjoza3sLNOtT SStno2sg5StxXMyH3Ju7qVHnnJQZHVPbxjpc9CjbujzdjWetGCX+bbKXrOArKqjOy43uvsN+Evmu HF9iiQ9AvM8P379L6FwV3GfPIEKC4LbZw1RLW0KG+s4t/HBMHSiI/w4tSvo4LuTFUAonUgwlUCRI kpPqjSxHzyNLlOYq+rlZ0yRGnDkP7qTZrCFPRLh0hhhazedMRP0atFsZ7s3GnzDZGCVa1arSrDnM bI0KlkkfSNm6YqUyR1O+o2e9VrEylqvbUXTlMuOipewvpm31OK3C1qwXY9Ts/r0KcJ3gxRra6aW6 FjBRvWQrW76MWaidPDrUwnv4GOfmvsWUhAb6jDPpLp/RRFAddm9TbrALjzo9OLDk23ciM777abYq w8Ea9y5NXDG04753A6/L3N/q4tCjj3YOJnrr54era0+LXbn2vcu5ix/POvx56uhdYCOTtz3725X9 PcbNHJtTsuvlp8H37sMGMAhXinljdFaDZ/79l12DrL2GX37lzYfcgQR6011/FT6goHUGNrchLR32 Fp+DDzZ2oUoaSrcOZxEOBpeJIObwol8yNufJiLndaNo1KSIFomlFwLIFYev1k4KOBW5nBIGUXOGE kNu1pKQw5LHIYCe7QCHlfz+GQeRnX4JJ3ioLGmXmjGculWaNaz7XWZZvUhUnlnNeFKebd96VoJp7 stXnmCRKt+WfBL1mp6EIQahoJXo2ikyVkEYh6HiVglAAADs= ------=_NextPart_01D13E5C.6417CDD0 Content-Location: file:///C:/C51FFBCE/file7630.files/slide0007.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" 计量装置的综合误= 046;

３、带= 005;流电压互感器的三相= ;四线电路

•这种电路相当于三&#= 20010;单相电路带电压、电૬= 9;互感器。每想电路可&= #25353;前面求的合成෾= 3;差，总的误差为各相&= #35823;差的代数和除ߣ= 7;３。

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.01%'>•ea＝fＩa+ fua＋0.0291（δ&#= 65321;a<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> －δＵa）tgφ

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-3.97%'>•eb＝fＩb+ fub＋0.0291（δ&#= 65321;b<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> －δＵb）tgφ

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.01%'>•ec＝fＩc+ fuc＋0.0291（δ&#= 65321;c<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> －δＵc）tgφ

•eh＝ (ea + eb + ec)/3

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３、带= 005;流电压互感器的三相= ;四线电路

•<= /span>(1)V= 形接线互感器合成误= 4046;的计算。

•eb＝0.5(fI1+ f= ＋ f+ f= u2 )= ＋0.0084= ［（δI1 －δＵ= ）= － (δＩ2 －δＵ )］＋0.289[ (f<= /span>I2+ fu2)= －( f= I1+ fu1 = ) ]tgφ+ 0.0145［（δI1 －δＵ= ）+ (= δ&#= 65321;2 －δＵ2 = )= ］ tgφ

•(2)星形接线时，&#= 27979;得的是每相比差和Š= 82;差，可根= 据下面计算式&#= 25442;算成线电压的比差Ø= 44;角差再代入= Ｖ形接线时误&#= 24046;的计算式进行计算z= 90;

•fu1＝0.5(fua+ f)= ＋0.0084= （δua －δub）（％）

•<= /span> δu1＝0.5(δua +δub)＋9.924= （ f= － f ）（分A= 289;

•<= /span>fu2＝0.5(fuc+ f)= ＋0.0084= （δuc －δub）　（％）

•<= /span> δu2＝0.5(δuc +δub)＋9.924= （ f= － f ）（分A= 289;

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•例１、一= 1482;单相电能表，经过ߌ= 8;只电流互শ= 3;器接入回路，该互感&= #22120;在Ｉb时的误差ߒ= 6;f＝－0.1%, δ＝－&= #65298;０｀，求功率因数= 为１时的互感&#= 22120;的合成误差。

<= span style=3D'font-size:88%;layout-flow:horizontal'>• eh＝f+0.0291δ１tgφ＝f= ＝－0= .1%

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二、Ĭ= 05;压互感器的二次回路= 压降误差

•<= /span>= 由于回路中熔断器、= 开关、导线、接触电= 阻等引起的电压降低= 称为电压降；

•<= /span>= 由于电压降造成电压= 互感器二次回路的误= 差称为压降误差。

•= 压降误差的计算方法= 5306;= 与电压互感器的合成= 误差计算公式完全相= 同。

•

Ia +Ic

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三、Ĭ= 05;压互感器二次回路压= 降测试

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.52%'>•１ӌ= 9;测试任务

= 226;求࠲= 6;二次压降的大小，以&= #21450;所引起的比差、角।= 6;、电能计量误差。

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.52%'>•２ӌ= 9;计算公式：

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.52%'>•（ᦁ= 7;）三相三线计量方式&= #19979;：

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-3.92%'>•ΔＵab＝(Ｕab/100)*√ f2ab+(0.0291 δab)2

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-3.92%'>•ΔＵcb＝(Ｕcb/100)*√ f2cb+(0.0291 δcb)2

• eb＝0.5(fab+ f)= ＋0.0084= （δab－δcb）＋ [ 0.289 (fcb－ f)= － 0.0145 （δab +δcb）］ tgφ

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•(2)三相四线计&#= 37327;方式下：

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.36%'>•ΔＵa＝(Ｕa/100)*√ f2a+(0.0291 δa)2

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.31%'>•ΔＵb＝(Ｕb/100)*√ f2b+(0.0291 δb)2

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.36%'>•ΔＵc＝(Ｕc/100)*√ f2c+(0.0291 δc)2

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.01%'>•ea＝fＩa+ fua＋0.0291（δ&#= 65321;a<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> －δＵa）tgφ

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-3.97%'>•eb＝fＩb+ fub＋0.0291（δ&#= 65321;b<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> －δＵb）tgφ

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-4.01%'>•ec＝fＩc+ fuc＋0.0291（δ&#= 65321;c<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> －δＵc）tgφ

•ed＝ (ea + eb + ec)/3

•

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３、测%= 327;方法：

•<= /span>= （１）互感器校验仪= 7861;。它是基于测差原ச= 2;，测量准= 确度高，可以直接测= 7327;出比差和角差，测෻= 7;结果不受= 电源波动的影响，计= 1639;比较简单。不足之ࣦ= 8;是需要引= 临时长电缆。

•<= /span>= （２）ＴＶ二次压降= 7979;试仪法。它与校验ߤ= 2;法基本相= 同。不同的是，它内= 7096;附带隔离变压器，೦= 1;自动修正= 测量导线和隔离变引= 6215;的零位误差，能自ࡄ= 0;计算压降= 的合成误差。

•<= /span>= （３）钳形相位伏安= 4920;法。它是用相位伏ध= 3;表测出二= 次回路的电压、电流= 1450;它们之间的相位角ᦂ= 7;在设备停= 电时，用校验仪测出= 0108;次导线的阻抗；然ࡧ= 8;计算出二= 次回路的压降和计量= 5823;差。该方法的优点਷= 9;不需要引= 临时长电缆，缺点是= 5332;Ｖ二次回路为有公ࠤ= 9;电缆线的= 多分支电路时，计算= 6739;麻烦。另外，算得௚= 0;压降中未= 包括外界磁场的影响= 2290;

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•= （４）无线监测仪法= 5307;检测仪由主机和辅੒= 6;两= 部分组成，主机和辅= 6426;分别装在电能表侧ࡴ= 4;Ｔ= Ｖ侧。辅机测量二次= 1471;电压的幅值与相位ᦁ= 2;数= 据经处理后传送到主= 6426;；主机测量电能表ో= 1;电= 压的幅值与相位，然= 1518;用主机内的单片机෶= 5;算= 两端电压间的比差和= 5282;差。优点是不需要ਥ= 5;设= 临时长线，可以长期= 3258;动监测，缺点是由ߛ= 0;是= 间接测量，准确度难= 0110;提高，成本也高。 <= /span>

•= （５）高内阻电压表= 7861;。它基于测差原理ᦁ= 2;与= 方法一相似，不足之= 2788;是得不出计量误差Ӎ= 0;

•= （６）数字电压表法= 2290;该方法的优点是不༙= 6;要= 临时长电缆，测试简= 1333;。缺点是需要高准ఋ= 0;度= 仪表，只能得出比差= 5292;得不出角差。

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４、二= 425;回路减少压降的方法= ;

•<= /span>= （１）设立专门的计= 7327;回路，减少回路中ஸ= 5;能表= 的数量，避免其他负= 6733;接入，此方法的优୅= 7;是可= 以有效的获得较小的= 1387;降。

•<= /span>= （２）减小线路电阻= 5330;，具体有如下措施ᦂ= 6;

•<= /span>= １）增大二次回路的= 2447;径。优点是可以有ਠ= 8;降低= 压降，缺点是线径越= 2823;，成本越高，且当ಬ= 7;径大= 到一定程度时，起对= 0943;少压降的作用越来ว= 4;小；

•<= /span>= ２）减小二次回路长= 4230;；

•<= /span>= ３）取消贿赂中的一= 0123;保护器件，缺点是༇= 7;低了= 可靠性；

•<= /span>= ４）定期对开关、熔= 6029;器、端子的接触部࠳= 8;进行= 打磨、维护，减小接= 5302;电阻。该方法的不ห= 5;之处= 是只能在停电时才能= 6827;行。

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•<= /span>３ӌ= 9;减小回路电流法：= 起原理就是用有源= 的电子线路在补偿器= 0869;产生一个负阻抗，ߣ= 7;抵= 消线路阻抗，从而达= 1040;是电流为零（尽量৶= 9;近= 零）的效果。此方法= 0340;优点是能很好的降߮= 2;压= 降，且不受负载变化= 0340;影响，不须改变二શ= 5;回= 路电缆。缺点是由于= 0869;阻、精度及r= 的存在等原= 因，会留下剩余压降= 5292;同时，可靠性要求ོ= 0;，= 否则会产生自激，增= 2823;二次回路的高次谐ૣ= 4;。

-R

-L

补偿器

------=_NextPart_01D13E5C.6417CDD0 Content-Location: file:///C:/C51FFBCE/file7630.files/slide0016_image004.gif Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Type: image/gif R0lGODlhdwFwAHcAMSH+GlNvZnR3YXJlOiBNaWNyb3NvZnQgT2ZmaWNlACH5BAEAAAAALBIAAABG AW4AgQAAAAAAAP///wECAwL/hI+py+0Po5y02heu3rz7D4biSJZZiabqyrbuC8fiKdf2jec6Q+/+ DwwKI72h8RgsIlnKpfP5akKn1CpVas1qtzks9wsOi43esfmMbpTT7LZ47Y7r4HIDvY6H3fP8Pm7v FyjINFhoeNiFqLhowuj4yAEIOQkg2WZJ6YiZySm42QlqFTBq8eliWjiqusraimrnGiur2tG64KpA Cksy22s7sVrZ9JsbrIYWIKC8zNzM/FrpLD3d/KlUNIwwDG1H7e18l62dm6B7YF6O/D0Nnbz+vilF g3VCP/O+Tmdvx1N/TH7GHb5l7QZ+w+QlQ8JKGIgQMUgNThmFDij+SxcQorKC/xqlWVqD7tZEhxAE diRIUg3IkVV8xeroMqbJkxtlsipZcqXNWTSfxcTZEMPOnY1KwQQxk+ZHoBVBMq3YE2XQqRerjuA2 zqhGjlEFLKW6I+nRUxfaFa0gNh/SrhvxpIWI9WwtucDGengL1y3buLyQ0pWAN+LavWAkEkZitm+p oSE3MJZVmMhjYnH4Mgw1xLIhy5oxz/Wccgbo0VH8KiaNOkXiq6lb/9XA2XUiRatFy77ReVDs2zZy e3pdzndq4X52q6R1lzjvK6ZZH0deC/ryzc1t95vs8rYxYea2e4f+vTv48eLLzyN/vnqIidsjNZ7u 2vj12vB5y6+Pn9Dp/PxVA//vD+BivXygXICoBdbWZwYuiBY8waHFYIR1qaUNIAVKGAqCXlX4nlUY fqiNg+dI9xSIJkZDIXckVnRiiygehBEFF7r4iIbYlEKjiTbGCEyOIO6YlYw+fgjkOTgOKWGR/ECI ZIRKXiZkkww+KcmMUqYiopFMXhkglUdyCaCXQXoIZn1PAsRimf2dySFYasLH5ogsvYlfnCouRGed WRaz4ph5LmfnkvN1+OeBvpQ4IjhWFlpHlbd4syijbjhaDoySAvrlOSleGl+m3VjKaadbagpqqMN5 +qJgprZGaYiQripqlJWyA2usPYqkaK2sosphn7p61iqZv44WLA/DylbsLcdm2goYossCyyuPz4KW LJrTUhutn9dmmK2W20I7qrHfgiursONOUq2052aSrrbrovvfu4zcJy8k9NarSbz4HnLvvrTp669u AAccSL8EpzLwwXwYrHDBJmAHccQST0xxxRZfjLHFFBQAADs= ------=_NextPart_01D13E5C.6417CDD0 Content-Location: file:///C:/C51FFBCE/file7630.files/slide0017.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" 计量装置的综合误= 046;

四、综= 512;误差的计算及其减少= ;方法

•<= /span>= １、综合误差的计算= 3;

•<= /span>= 　　电能计量综合误= 4046;是由电能表误差、ߛ= 4;感器= 及压降合成误差组成= 0340;。这些误差与电流ӌ= 9;功率= = 因数、电压有关。因= 7492;，在计算综合误差ਲ= 2;，要= = 注意在相同的情况下= 5165;能进行代数相加计౛= 9;。

•<= /span>= 　　（实际上，在现= 2330;情况下，很难得到ࡦ= 8;个元= = 件在同一条件下的误= 4046;数据，因此，综合෾= 3;差数= = 据一般是很难得到的= 5292;而且得到某一特定੖= 5;件下= 的综合误差数据意义= 0063;不大。因此，在具߮= 7;运用= 时，大多采用尽可能= 0943;小电能表误差、互শ= 3;器误= = 差、减少压降的方法= 6469;降低电能计量装置௚= 0;综合= = 误差。）

------=_NextPart_01D13E5C.6417CDD0 Content-Location: file:///C:/C51FFBCE/file7630.files/slide0018.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" 计量装置的综合误= 046;

•<= /span>= ２、减少综合误差的= 6041;法

•<= /span>= （１）尽量选用误差= 6739;小的互感器。

•= （２）根据互感器的= 5823;差合理配对。因为ߛ= 4;感= 器的合成误差与比差= 2289;角差有关，所以在ध= 3;装= 时应将互感器合理配= 3545;，尽量做到接入电೦= 1;表= 同一元件的电流互感= 2120;、电压互感器的比।= 6;符= 号相反、数值相近或= 0456;等；角差符号相同ӌ= 9;数= 值相近或相等，从而= 3719;得较小的合成误差Ӎ= 0;

•= （３）调整电能表误= 4046;时考虑互感器及压༇= 7;的= 合成误差。即调整电= 3021;表误差与互感器及࡚= 7;降= 的合成误差数值相近= 5292;符号相反，从而部࠳= 8;抵= 消互感器及压降的合= 5104;误差。这种方法只਷= 9;定= 性的，要完全利用表= 0340;误差来抵消合成误।= 6;是= 不可能的。同时，互= 4863;器及压降误差太大ਲ= 2;，= 应避免使表误差超查= 5110;调坏电能表误差曲ಬ= 7;。

------=_NextPart_01D13E5C.6417CDD0 Content-Location: file:///C:/C51FFBCE/file7630.files/slide0019.htm Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii" 计量装置的综合误= 046;

<= span class=3DBB style=3D'position:absolute;left:-3.89%'>•（ᦂ= 0;）尽量使互感器运行&= #22312;额定负载内。 <= /div>

•（ᦂ= 1;）根据电能表运行条&= #20214;合理调表

•（ᦂ= 2;）减少电压互感器二&= #27425;回路压降误差Ӎ= 0;主要有以下几种措施&= #65306;

•１ᦀ= 9;采用专用二次回路；&= #13;

•２ᦀ= 9;缩短二次回路长度；&= #13;

•３ᦀ= 9;加大导线截面；

•４ᦀ= 9;减少接触电阻；

•５ᦀ= 9;尽量少采用辅助接点&= #21450;熔断器。

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document.body.scroll=3D"no" _RSW() if( IsWin("PPTSld") && parent.IsFullScrMode() ) FullScrInit(); =09 MakeSldVis(); ChkAutoAdv() if( runAnimations ) { if( document.all("NSPlay") ) document.all("NSPlay").autoStart =3D false; if( sld.filters && sld.filters.revealtrans ) setTimeout( "document.body.start()", sld.filters.revealtrans.duration * = 1000 ); else document.body.start(); } } function MakeSldVis()=20 { var fTrans=3Dg_showAnimation && SldHasTrans() if( fTrans )=09 { if( g_bgSound ) { idx=3Dg_bgSound.indexOf(","); pptSound.src=3Dg_bgSound.substr( 0, idx ); pptSound.loop=3D -(parseInt(g_bgSound.substr(idx+1))); } SlideObj.filters.revealtrans.Apply()=09 } SlideObj.style.visibility=3D"visible" if( fTrans ) SlideObj.filters.revealtrans.Play() } function MakeNotesVis()=20 { if( !IsNts() ) return false=20 SlideObj.style.display=3D"none" nObj =3D document.all.item("NotesObj") parent.SetHasNts(0) if( nObj ) {=20 nObj.style.display=3D"" parent.SetHasNts(1) } return 1 } function ChkAutoAdv() { if(SldHasTrans()) SlideObj.onfilterchange=3DAutoAdv else AutoAdv() } function AutoAdv() { if(!IsWin("PPTSld") || !gUseSldTimings )return var sld=3DGetCurSld() if( (sld.mAdvDelay>0) && !parent.IsFramesMode() ) setTimeout("parent.GoToNextSld()",sld.mAdvDelay) } function GetObj(id) { if(g_supportsPPTHTML) return document.all(id); else return document.getElementById(id); } function SldHasTrans() { return SlideObj.style.filter !=3D ""; } function GetSldId()=20 { var regExp =3D /file:\/\/\//i var pos =3D location.href.search(regExp) if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "" && pos !=3D -1) sId =3D location.href.substring(pos) else { sId =3D RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(location.href); var regExp =3D /\// var fixedHref =3D sId var pos =3D -1 =09 pos =3D fixedHref.search(regExp) while (pos !=3D -1) { fixedHref =3D fixedHref.replace(regExp, "\\") pos =3D fixedHref.search(regExp) } =09 if (g_fBaseHyperlink =3D=3D true) sId =3D "file:///" + fixedHref; else sId =3D fixedHref.substring(fixedHref.lastIndexOf('\\') + 1) } =09 return sId } function HideMenu() { if( frames["PPTSld"] && PPTSld.document.all.item("ctx= tmenu") && PPTSld.ctxtmenu.style.display!=3D"none" ) { PPTSld.ctxtmenu.styl= e.display=3D'none'; return true } return false } function IsWin( name ) { return window.name =3D=3D name } function IsNts() { return IsWin("PPTNts") } function IsSldOrNts() { return( IsWin("PPTSld")||IsWin("PPTNts") ) } function SupportsPPTAnimation() { return( navigator.platform =3D=3D "Win32"= && navigator.appVersion.indexOf("Windows")>0 ) } function SupportsPPTHTML() { var appVer=3Dnavigator.appVersion, msie=3DappVer.indexOf("MSIE "), ver=3D0 if( msie >=3D 0 ) ver=3DparseFloat( appVer.substring( msie+5, appVer.indexOf(";",msie) ) ) else ver=3DparseInt(appVer) return( ver >=3D 4 && msie >=3D 0 ) } function _RSW() { if( !g_supportsPPTHTML || IsNts() || ( !g_scaleInFrame && (!IsWin("PPTSld") || !parent.IsFullScrMode()) ) ) return var padding=3D0; if( IsWin("PPTSld") && parent.IsFramesMode() ) padding=3D6 cltWidth=3Ddocument.body.clientWidth-padding cltHeight=3Ddocument.body.clientHeight-padding factor=3D(1.0*cltWidth)/g_origW if( cltHeight < g_origH*factor ) factor=3D(1.0*cltHeight)/g_origH newSize =3D g_origSz * factor if( newSize < 1 ) newSize=3D1 s=3DSlideObj.style s.fontSize=3DnewSize+"px" s.posWidth=3Dg_origW*factor s.posHeight=3Dg_origH*factor s.posLeft=3D(cltWidth-s.posWidth+padding)/2 s.posTop=3D(cltHeight-s.posHeight+padding)/2 if( g_scaleHyperlinks ) ScaleHyperlinks( factor ) } function _InitAnimations() { animRuntimeInstalled =3D ''+document.body.localTime !=3D 'undefined'; isFullScreen =3D (window.name =3D=3D "PPTSld") && !parent.IsFramesMode(); g_animUseRuntime =3D g_showAnimation && animRuntimeInstalled && !(isFullSc= reen && parent.IsSldVisited()); if( g_animUseRuntime ) { collSeq =3D document.all.tags("seq"); if( collSeq !=3D null ) { for(ii=3D0;ii numSlds ) gSldJumpIdx =3D numSlds; if ( gSldJumpIdx >=3D 0 ) { if ( gSldJumpIdx =3D=3D 0 ) gSldJumpIdx =3D 1; var jumpTo =3D parseInt(gSldJumpIdx); gSldJump =3D 0; gSldJumpIdx =3D ""; win.GoToSld( parent.GetSldList().mList[jumpTo-1].mSldHref ) } } } function _KDH() { if( event.keyCode =3D=3D 8 ) { event.returnValue =3D 0; parent.GoToPrevSld(); } } function DocumentOnClick() { if( IsNts() || parent.HideMenu() ) return; if( ( g_allowAdvOnClick && !parent.IsFramesMode() ) || (event && (event.keyCode=3D=3D32) ) ) parent.GoToNextSld(); } var g_supportsPPTHTML =3D SupportsPPTHTML(), g_scaleInFrame =3D 1, gId=3D""= , g_bgSound=3D"", g_scaleHyperlinks =3D false, g_allowAdvOnClick =3D 1, g_showInBrowser = =3D 0, gLoopCont =3D 0, gUseSldTimings =3D 1; var g_showAnimation =3D g_supportsPPTHTML && SupportsPPTAnimation() && ( (w= indow.name=3D=3D"PPTSld" && !parent.IsFramesMode()) || g_showInBrowser );va= r g_animManager =3D null; var g_animUseRuntime =3D false; var g_animItemsToHide, g_animInteractiveItems, g_animSlideTime; var g_animMainSequence =3D null; var ENDSHOW_MESG=3D"放映结束，单击= ;鼠标退出。", SCREEN_MODE=3D"Frames", gIsEndS= how=3D0, NUM_VIS_SLDS=3D19, SCRIPT_HREF=3D"script.js", FULLSCR_HREF=3D"full= screen.htm"; var gCurSld =3D gPrevSld =3D 1, g_offset =3D 0, gNtsOpen =3D gHasNts =3D gO= tlTxtExp =3D 0, gHasNarration =3D 0, gOtlOpen =3D true window.gPPTHTML=3DSupportsPPTHTML() var g_fBaseHyperlink =3D false; var gMainDoc=3Dnew Array(new hrefList("slide0001.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList(= "slide0002.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0003.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("= slide0005.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0006.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("s= lide0004.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0007.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sl= ide0008.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0009.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("sli= de0010.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0011.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slid= e0012.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0013.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide= 0014.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0015.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0= 016.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0017.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide00= 18.htm",1,-1,1),new hrefList("slide0019.htm",1,-1,1)); /********************************************* Frameset functions These functions control slide navigation and state of the frameset. **********************************************/ function RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href) { var regExp =3D /^file:\/\/\//i; return href.replace(regExp, "") } function FullScrInit() { g_allowAdvOnClick =3D GetCurSld().mAdvOnClk document.body.style.backgroundColor=3D"black" document.oncontextmenu=3Dparent._CM; document.onkeydown =3D _KDH; document.ondragstart=3DCancel document.onselectstart=3DCancel self.focus() } function Redirect( frmId ) {=09 var str=3Ddocument.location.hash,idx=3Dstr.indexOf('#'), sId=3DGetSldId() if(idx>=3D0) str=3Dstr.substr(1); if( window.name !=3D frmId && ( sId !=3D str) ) { obj =3D GetObj("Main-File") window.location.href=3Dobj.href+"#"+sId return 1 } return 0 } var MHTMLPrefix =3D CalculateMHTMLPrefix();=20 function CalculateMHTMLPrefix() { if ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') {=20 href=3Dnew String(document.location.href)=20 Start=3Dhref.indexOf('!')+1=20 End=3Dhref.lastIndexOf('/')+1=20 if (End < Start)=20 return href.substring(0, Start)=20 else=20 return href.substring(0, End)=20 } return ''; } function GetTags(base,tag) { if(g_supportsPPTHTML) return base.all.tags(tag); else return base.getElementsByTagName(tag); } function UpdNtsPane(){ if(frames["PPTNts"]) PPTNts.location.replace( MHTMLP= refix+GetHrefObj( gCurSld ).mNtsHref ) } function UpdNavPane( sldIndex ){ if(gNavLoaded) PPTNav.UpdNav() } function UpdOtNavPane(){ if(gOtlNavLoaded) PPTOtlNav.UpdOtlNav() } function UpdOtlPane(){ if(gOtlLoaded) PPTOtl.UpdOtl() } function SetHasNts( fVal ) { if( gHasNts !=3D fVal ) { gHasNts=3DfVal UpdNavPane() } } function ToggleOtlText() { gOtlTxtExp=3D!gOtlTxtExp UpdOtlPane() } function ClearMedia() { // Clear any sounds playing before launching another browser window. Other= wise, // in fullscreen mode, you'll continue to hear the sound in the frames mod= e. if (PPTSld.pptSound) PPTSld.pptSound.loop =3D 0; } function FullScreen() {=20 if ( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) PPTSld.document.body.pause(); ClearMedia(); var href =3D ( document.location.protocol =3D=3D 'mhtml:') ? FULLSCR_HREF = : FULLSCR_HREF+"#"+GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref; if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "") href =3D RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href) if(PPTNav.event.ctrlKey) { var w =3D (window.screen.availWidth * 1.0) / 2.0 var h =3D w * (PPTSld.g_origH * 1.0) / PPTSld.g_origW win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"toolbar=3D0,resizable=3D1,top= =3D0,left=3D0," + "width=3D"+ w + ",height=3D" + h ); if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow; } else { win =3D window.open( MHTMLPrefix+href,null,"fullscreen=3Dyes" ); if( win.document.body && PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) win.document.body.PPTSldFrameset=3Dwindow; } } function ToggleVNarration() { rObj=3DPPTSld.document.all("NSPlay") if( rObj && !PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) { if( (rObj.playState =3D=3D 1)||(rObj.playState =3D=3D 0) ) rObj.Play() else if( rObj.playState =3D=3D 2 ) rObj.Pause() else return; } else if( PPTSld.g_animUseRuntime ) { narObj =3D PPTSld.document.all("narrationID") if( narObj ) narObj.togglePause() } } function GetCurSldNum() { =20 obj=3DGetHrefObj(gCurSld) if( obj.mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 ) return obj.mSldIdx else =20 return gCurSld } function GetNumSlds() { =20 if( GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mOrigVis =3D=3D 1 ) return GetSldList().mNumVisSlds; else return GetSldList().mList.length } function GetSldNum( href ) { for(ii=3D0; ii 1 ) PopSldList(); else if( !IsFramesMode() ) { if( gLoopCont ) GoToFirst() else EndShow() } } function GoToPrevSld() { ii=3DgCurSld-1 if( ii > 0 ) { obj=3DGetHrefObj(ii) while ( obj && ( obj.mVis =3D=3D 0 ) && ( ii>0 ) ) obj=3DGetHrefObj(--ii) if( ii =3D=3D 0 ) ii=3D1 GoToSldNum(ii) } } function GoToFirst(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(1).mSldHref ) } function GoToLast() { ii=3DGetSldList().mList.length if( ii !=3D gCurSld ) GoToSld( GetHrefObj(ii).mSldHref ) } function GoToSldNum( num ) { if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue obj =3D GetHrefObj( num ) obj.mVis=3D1 gPrevSld=3DgCurSld gCurSld =3D num; =09 if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "") PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(obj.mSldHref= )) else PPTSld.location.replace(obj.mSldHref) =09 if( IsFramesMode() ) { UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane() } } function GoToSld( href ) { if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue GetHrefObj( GetSldNum(href) ).mVis=3D1 if (MHTMLPrefix !=3D "") PPTSld.location.replace(MHTMLPrefix+RemoveFilePrefixFromHref(href)) else PPTSld.location.replace(href) } function SldUpdated( id ) { if( id =3D=3D GetHrefObj(gCurSld).mSldHref ) return gPrevSld=3DgCurSld gCurSld=3DGetSldNum(id) if( IsFramesMode() ) { UpdNavPane(); UpdOtlPane(); UpdNtsPane() } } function PrevSldViewed(){ GoToSld( GetHrefObj(gPrevSld).mSldHref ) } function HasPrevSld() { return ( gIsEndShow || ( gCurSld !=3D 1 && GetHrefO= bj( gCurSld-1 ).mVis =3D=3D 1 )||( GetCurSldNum() > 1 ) ) } function HasNextSld() { return (GetCurSldNum() !=3D GetNumSlds()) } function CloseWindow() { if( HideMenu() ) return; =09 var event =3D PPTSld.event; if( !IsFramesMode() && event && (event.keyCode=3D=3D27 || event.keyCode=3D= =3D32 || event.type=3D=3D"click" ) ) window.close( self ); CatchNumKeys( self, event ); } function Unload() { gIsEndShow=3D0; } function SetupEndShow() { gIsEndShow=3D1; PPTSld.document.body.scroll=3D"no"; PPTSld.document.onkeypress=3DCloseWindow; PPTSld.document.onclick=3DCloseWindow; PPTSld.document.oncontextmenu=3D_CM; } function EndShow() { if( IsFramesMode() ) return if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue doc=3DPPTSld.document var dir =3D doc.body.dir if( dir !=3D "rtl" ) dir =3D "ltr"; doc.open() doc.writeln('

' + ENDSHOW_MESG + '

') doc.close() } function SetSldVisited(){ GetSldList().mList[gCurSld-1].mVisited=3Dtrue } function IsSldVisited(){ return GetSldList().mList[gCurSld-1].mVisited } function hrefList( sldHref, visible, advDelay, advClk ) { this.mSldHref=3D this.mNtsHref =3D sldHref this.mOrigVis=3D this.mVis =3D visible this.mVisited=3D false this.mAdvDelay=3D advDelay this.mAdvOnClk=3D advClk } function SldList(arr,curSld,fEnd) { this.mCurSld =3D curSld; this.mList =3D new Array(); var idx =3D 1; for(ii=3D0;ii 0) { PushSldList(sldList,fEnd); gCurSld =3D 1; } else if( PPTSld.event ) PPTSld.event.cancelBubble=3Dtrue } function PushSldList(arr,fEnd) { var ii =3D gSldStack.length; gSldStack[ii] =3D new SldList(arr,gCurSld,fEnd); GoToSld( gSldStack[ii].mList[0].mSldHref ); } function PopSldList() { if (gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].fEndShow) EndShow() else { gCurSld =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1].mCurSld; gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1] =3D null; gSldStack.length--; var sldList =3D gSldStack[gSldStack.length-1]; GoToSld( sldList.mList[gCurSld - 1].mSldHref ); } } var custShowList=3Dnew Array(); /********************************************* Navigation button implementation There are 2 types of buttons: ImgBtn, TxtBtn implemented as function objects. They share a similiar interface so the event handlers can call SetActive, for example, on a button=20 object without needing to know exactly=20 what type of button it is. **********************************************/ //---------------------------------- function ImgBtn( oId,bId,w,action ) //---------------------------------- { var t=3Dthis t.Perform =3D _IBP t.SetActive =3D _IBSetA t.SetInactive=3D _IBSetI t.SetPressed =3D _IBSetP t.SetDisabled=3D _IBSetD t.Enabled =3D _IBSetE t.ChangeIcon =3D null t.UserAction =3D action t.ChgState =3D _IBUI t.mObjId =3D oId t.mBorderId=3D bId t.mWidth =3D w t.mIsOn =3D t.mCurState =3D 0 } function _IBSetA() { if( this.mIsOn ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0 } } function _IBSetI() { if( this.mIsOn ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0=20 } } function _IBSetP() { if( this.mIsOn ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,2 ) obj.style.posLeft+=3D1; obj.style.posTop+=3D1 } } function _IBSetD() { =20 obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0=20 } function _IBSetE( state ) { var t=3Dthis GetObj( t.mBorderId ).style.visibility=3D"visible" if( state !=3D t.mIsOn ) { t.mIsOn=3Dstate if( state ) t.SetInactive() else t.SetDisabled() } } function _IBP() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn ) { if( t.UserAction !=3D null ) t.UserAction() if( t.ChangeIcon ) { obj=3DGetObj(t.mObjId) if( t.ChangeIcon() ) obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-4)*t.mWidth else obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-0)*t.mWidth } t.SetActive() } =20 } function _IBUI( clr1,clr2,nextState ) { var t=3Dthis SetBorder( GetObj( t.mBorderId ),clr1,clr2 ) obj=3DGetObj( t.mObjId ) obj.style.posLeft=3Dobj.style.posLeft+(t.mCurState-nextState)*t.mWidth-obj= .style.posTop t.mCurState=3DnextState return obj } //----------------------------------------- function TxtBtn( oId,oeId,action,chkState ) //----------------------------------------- { var t=3Dthis t.Perform =3D _TBP t.SetActive =3D _TBSetA t.SetInactive=3D _TBSetI t.SetPressed =3D _TBSetP t.SetDisabled=3D _TBSetD t.SetEnabled =3D _TBSetE t.GetState =3D chkState t.UserAction =3D action t.ChgState =3D _TBUI t.mObjId =3D oId t.m_elementsId=3D oeId t.mIsOn =3D 1 } function _TBSetA() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() ) t.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,0,0 ) } function _TBSetI() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn && !t.GetState() ) t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 ) } function _TBSetP() { if( this.mIsOn ) this.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 ) } function _TBSetD() { =20 this.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 ) this.mIsOn =3D 0 } function _TBSetE() { var t=3Dthis if( !t.GetState() ) t.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,0,0 ) else t.ChgState( gShadowClr,gHiliteClr,1,1 ) t.mIsOn =3D 1 } function _TBP() { var t=3Dthis if( t.mIsOn ) {=20 if( t.UserAction !=3D null ) t.UserAction() if( !t.GetState ) return if( t.GetState() ) t.SetPressed() else t.SetActive() } =20 } function _TBUI( clr1,clr2,lOffset,tOffset ) { SetBorder( GetObj( this.mObjId ),clr1,clr2 ) Offset( GetObj( this.m_elementsId ),lOffset,tOffset ) } function Offset( obj, top, left ){ obj.style.top=3Dtop; obj.style.left=3Dle= ft } function SetBorder( obj, upperLeft, lowerRight ) { s=3Dobj.style; s.borderStyle =3D "solid" s.borderWidth =3D 1=20 s.borderLeftColor =3D s.borderTopColor =3D upperLeft s.borderBottomColor=3D s.borderRightColor =3D lowerRight } function GetBtnObj(){ return gBtnArr[window.event.srcElement.id] } function BtnOnOver(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetActive() } function BtnOnDown(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetPressed() } function BtnOnOut(){ b=3DGetBtnObj(); if( b !=3D null ) b.SetInactive() } function BtnOnUp() { b=3DGetBtnObj() if( b !=3D null ) b.Perform() else Upd() } function GetNtsState(){ return parent.gNtsOpen } function GetOtlState(){ return parent.gOtlOpen } function GetOtlTxtState(){ return parent.gOtlTxtExp } function NtsBtnSetFlag( fVal ) { s=3Ddocument.all.item( this.m_flagId ).style s.display=3D"none" if( fVal ) s.display=3D"" else s.display=3D"none" } function _BSetA_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S= etActive() } function _BSetI_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S= etInactive() } function _BSetP_Border(){ b =3D gBtnArr[this.mObjId]; if( b !=3D null ) b.S= etPressed() } function _BSetA_BorderImg() {=20 b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId]=20 if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gHiliteClr,gShadowClr,2 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0 } } function _BSetI_BorderImg() {=20 b =3D gBtnArr[this.mBorderId] if( b !=3D null && this.mIsOn && !b.GetState() ) { obj=3Dthis.ChgState( gFaceClr,gFaceClr,1 ) obj.style.posTop=3D0 } } var gHiliteClr=3D"THREEDHIGHLIGHT",gShadowClr=3D"THREEDSHADOW",gFaceClr=3D"= THREEDFACE" var gBtnArr =3D new Array() gBtnArr["nb_otl"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOtlPan= e,GetOtlState ) gBtnArr["nb_otlElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_otl","nb_otlElem",parent.ToggleOt= lPane,GetOtlState ) gBtnArr["nb_nts"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_nts","nb_ntsBorder",10,parent.ToggleN= tsPane ) gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_BorderImg; gBtnArr["nb_nts"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_BorderImg; gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.= ToggleNtsPane,GetNtsState ) gBtnArr["nb_ntsElem"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_ntsBorder","nb_ntsElem",parent.To= ggleNtsPane,GetNtsState ) gBtnArr["nb_prevBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_prev"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_prev","n= b_prevBorder",30,parent.GoToPrevSld ) gBtnArr["nb_nextBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_next"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_next","n= b_nextBorder",30,parent.GoToNextSld ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshw"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",18,parent= .FullScreen ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwBorder",pa= rent.FullScreen,null ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border; gBtnArr["nb_sldshwBorder"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border; gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"] =3D new TxtBtn( "nb_sldshw","nb_sldshwText",parent= .FullScreen,null ) gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetActive =3D _BSetA_Border; gBtnArr["nb_sldshwText"].SetInactive =3D _BSetI_Border; gBtnArr["nb_voice"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_voiceBorder"] =3D new ImgBtn( "nb_voice= ","nb_voiceBorder",18,parent.ToggleVNarration ) gBtnArr["nb_otlTxtBorder"] =3D gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"]=3D new ImgBtn( "nb_otlT= xt","nb_otlTxtBorder",23,parent.ToggleOtlText ) gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].m_flagId=3D "nb_nts" gBtnArr["nb_ntsBorder"].SetFlag =3D NtsBtnSetFlag gBtnArr["nb_otlTxt"].ChangeIcon=3D GetOtlTxtState /********************************************* Context menu implementation _CM() is the function that's hooked up to the oncontextmenu event. 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1	计量= 装置的综合误差 = ; e=3De_b+e_h+e_d e_b—&= #8212;电能表误差； e_h—= —互感器合成误差； e_d—= —电压二次回路压降= 341;起的误差；
2	一、= 互感器的合成误差= 衡量互感器二次侧= 340;实际值乘以铭牌变比= ;不等与一次侧实际值&#= 20559;差大小的物理量。ŝ= 20;达式为： e_h＝（Ｐ_２ＫＩＫ_Ｕ－Ｐ_{１）／Ｐ_１} Ｐ_１——一次侧= 1151;率真实值；Ｐ_２——二次侧= 1151;率真实值；Ｋ_Ｉ——电流互= 4863;器额定变比；Ｋ_Ｕ——电压互= 4863;器额定变比；
3	１、= 仅接有电流互感器的= 1333;相电路 e_h＝f_Ｉ+0.0291δ_{１<= /sub>tgφ(%)} 若是容性负载，则`= 6;为负。则有 e_h＝f_Ｉ－0.0291δ_&#= 65297;tgφ(%)
4	推导= 过程如下：Ｐ１＝ＵＩ_１Ｃo= s φ Ｐ2＝ＵＩ₂Ｃos (φ- = 48;_１) 根据ＴＡ比差定义= 377;： f_Ｉ＝[（Ｋ_１Ｉ= _２－Ｉ_１）／ʍ= 21;_１]*100% e_h＝（Ｐ_２ＫＩ－Ｐ_１）／Ｐ<= sub>１＝｛［ＵＩ_１（&= #65297;＋ F_ｉ／１００）Ｃ= os (φ- δ_１)－ＵＩ_{１Ｃos φ］／ＵＩ_１Ｃos = φ ｝＊１００％＝｛= 5339;（１＋ F_ｉ／１００）Ｃ= os (φ- δ_１)］／Ｃos φ －= １｝＊１００％}
5	"一&#= 33324;δ_１很小，Ｃos..."<= /a> 一般δ_１很小，= 5315;os δ_１≈１，Ｓin δ１≈ δ_１Ｃos (φ- δ_１)＝Ｃos = 66;Ｃos δ_１＋Ｓin φSin δ_= 5297;=3D= Ｃos φ＋ δ_１Ｓin φ 故：e_h＝（δ_{１tgφ＋ f_Ｉ／１００）＊= １００%)} δ_１是用弧度为= 1333;位，考虑到实际测෻= 7;时是用分表示，１分&= #65309;0.000291，代入上式的得= 040;合成误差的计算式。= ;
6	2、接= ;有电流电压互感器的&#= 21333;相电路 e_h＝f_Ｉ+ f_u＋0.02= 91（δ_Ｉ－δ _Ｕ）tgφ(%)
7	３、= 带电流电压互感器的= 9977;相四线电路这种电路相当于三= 010;单相电路带电压、电= ;流互感器。每想电路&#= 21487;按前面求的合成误ð= 46;，总的误差为各相误= 差的代数和除以３。 e_a＝f_Ｉ_a+ f_{ua＋0.0291（δ_Ｉ_a －δ_Ｕ_a）tgφ} e_b＝f_Ｉ_b+ f_{ub＋0.0291（δ_Ｉ_b －δ_Ｕ_b）tgφ} e_c＝f_Ｉ_c+ f_{uc＋0.0291（δ_Ｉ_c －δ_Ｕ_c）tgφ} e_h＝ (e_a + e_b+ e_c= )/3
8	３、= 带电流电压互感器的= 9977;相四线电路 (1)V形接线互感器合成= 误差的计算。 e_b＝0.5(f_I1+ f_u1＋ fI2+ f_u2 )＋0.0084［（δ_I1 &#= 65293;δ_Ｕ₁）－ (δ_Ｉ₂ －δ_{Ｕ₂ )］＋0.289[ (f_I2+ f_u2)－( f<= sub>I1}+ f_u1 ) ]tgφ+ 0.0145［（δ_{I1 －δ_Ｕ₁）+ (δ_Ｉ₂ －δ_{Ｕ₂ )］ tgφ}} (2)星形接线时，测得&= #30340;是每相比差和角差A= 292;可根据下面计算式换= ;算成线电压的比差和&#= 35282;差再代入Ｖ形接线ą= 02;误差的计算式进行计= 算。 f_u1＝0.5(f_ua+ f_ub)＋0.0= 084（δ_ua －δ_ub）（％= ;） δ_u1＝0.5(δ_ua +δ_ub)＋9.924（ f_ua－ f<= sub>ub ）（分） f_u2＝0.5(f_uc+ f_ub)＋0.0= 084（δ_uc －δ_ub）　（％）= δ_u2＝0.5(δ_uc +δ_ub)＋9.924（ f_uc－ f<= sub>ub ）（分）
9	"例&#= 65297;、一只单相电能..."= 例１、一只单相电!= 021;表，经过一只电流互= ;感器接入回路，该互&#= 24863;器在Ｉb时的误差为f= 5309;－0.1%, δ＝－２０｀，求ࡃ= 1;率因数为１时的互感&= #22120;的合成误差。解： e_h＝f+0.0291δ_{１tgφ＝f＝－0.1%}
10	二、= ;电压互感器的二次回&#= 36335;压降误差由于回路中熔断器= 289;开关、导线、接触电= ;阻等引起的电压降低&#= 31216;为电压降；由于电压降造成电= 387;互感器二次回路的误= ;差称为压降误差。压降误差的计算方= 861;：与电压互感器的合= ;成误差计算公式完全&#= 30456;同。
11	三、= ;电压互感器二次回路&#= 21387;降测试１、测试任务求出二次压降的大= 567;，以及所引起的比差= ;、角差、电能计量误&#= 24046;。２、计算公式：（１）三相三线计%= 327;方式下： ΔＵab＝(Ｕab/100)√ f²ab+(0.= 0291 δ_ab)² ΔＵcb＝(Ｕcb/100)√ f²cb+(0.= 0291 δ_cb)² e_b＝0= .5(f_ab+ f_cb)＋0.0084（δ_ab－^= 8;_cb）＋ [ 0.289 (f_cb－ f_ab)－ 0.0145 ʌ= 88;δ_ab +δ_cb）］ tgφ
12	"(2)ߍ= 7;相四线计量..." (2)三相四线计量方式&= #19979;： ΔＵa＝(Ｕa/100)√ f²a+(0.029= 1 δ_a)² ΔＵb＝(Ｕb/100)√ f²b+(0.029= 1 δ_b)² ΔＵc＝(Ｕc/100)*√ f²c+(0.029= 1 δ_c)² e_a＝f_Ｉ_a+ f_{ua＋0.0291（δ_Ｉ_a －δ_Ｕ_a）tgφ} e_b＝f_Ｉ_b+ f_{ub＋0.0291（δ_Ｉ_b －δ_Ｕ_b）tgφ} e_c＝f_Ｉ_c+ f_{uc＋0.0291（δ_Ｉ_c －δ_Ｕ_c）tgφ} e_d＝ (e_a + e_b+ e_c= )/3
13	３、= ;测量方法：（１）互感器校验= 202;法。它是基于测差原= ;理，测量准确度高，&#= 21487;以直接测量出比差Ø= 44;角差，测试结果不受= 电源波动的影响，计= 1639;比较简单。不足之ࣦ= 8;是需要引临时长电缆&= #12290; （２）ＴＶ二次压&= 477;测试仪法。它与校验= ;仪法基本相同。不同&#= 30340;是，它内部附带隔ķ= 63;变压器，能自动修正= 测量导线和隔离变引= 6215;的零位误差，能自ࡄ= 0;计算压降的合成误差&= #12290; （３）钳形相位伏= 433;表法。它是用相位伏= ;安表测出二次回路的&#= 30005;压、电流及它们之ſ= 88;的相位角；在设备停= 电时，用校验仪测出= 0108;次导线的阻抗；然ࡧ= 8;计算出二次回路的压&= #38477;和计量误差。该方= 861;的优点是不需要引临= ;时长电缆，缺点是Ｔ&#= 65334;二次回路为有公共Ĭ= 05;缆线的多分支电路时= ，计算较麻烦。另外= 5292;算得的压降中未包৤= 4;外界磁场的影响。
14	"（&= #65300;）无线监测仪法..." （４）无线监测仪= 861;；检测仪由主机和辅= ;机两部分组成，主机&#= 21644;辅机分别装在电能ŝ= 20;侧和ＴＶ侧。辅机测= 量二次端电压的幅值= 9982;相位，数据经处理ࡧ= 8;传送到主机；主机测&= #37327;电能表端电压的幅= 540;与相位，然后用主机= ;内的单片机计算两端&#= 30005;压间的比差和角差z= 90;优点是不需要敷设临= 时长线，可以长期自= 1160;监测，缺点是由于਷= 9;间接测量，准确度难&= #20110;提高，成本也高。（５）高内阻电压"= 920;法。它基于测差原理= ;，与方法一相似，不&#= 36275;之处是得不出计量Ŧ= 23;差。（６）数字电压表= 861;。该方法的优点是不= ;需要临时长电缆，测&#= 35797;简单。缺点是需要ƌ= 40;准确度仪表，只能得= 出比差，得不出角差= 2290;
15	４、= ;二次回路减少压降的&#= 26041;法（１）设立专门的#= 745;量回路，减少回路中= ;电能表的数量，避免&#= 20854;他负载接入，此方Ė= 61;的优点是可以有效的= 获得较小的压降。（２）减小线路电&= 459;Ｒ，具体有如下措施= ;：１）增大二次回路= 340;线径。优点是可以有= ;效降低压降，缺点是&#= 32447;径越大，成本越高ʌ= 92;且当线径大到一定程= 度时，起对减少压降= 0340;作用越来越小；２）减小二次回路&= 271;度；３）取消贿赂中的= 968;些保护器件，缺点是= ;降低了可靠性；４）定期对开关、= 076;断器、端子的接触部= ;分进行打磨、维护，&#= 20943;小接触电阻。该方Ė= 61;的不足之处是只能在= 停电时才能进行。
16	"３&= #12289;减小回路电流法..." ３、减小回路电流= 861;：起原理就是用有源= ;的电子线路在补偿器&#= 20869;产生一个负阻抗，É= 97;抵消线路阻抗，从而= 达到是电流为零（尽= 7327;接近零）的效果。ઽ= 2;方法的优点是能很好&= #30340;降低压降，且不受$= 127;载变化的影响，不须= ;改变二次回路电缆。&#= 32570;点是由于内阻、精ò= 30;及r的存在等原因，会= ;留下剩余压降，同时&#= 65292;可靠性要求高，否Ò= 17;会产生自激，增大二= 次回路的高次谐波。
17	四、= ;综合误差的计算及其&#= 20943;少方法１、综合误差的计= 639; 　　电能计量综合#= 823;差是由电能表误差、= ;互感器及压降合成误&#= 24046;组成的。这些误差Ç= 82;电流、功率因数、电= 压有关。因此，在计= 1639;综合误差时，要注঴= 7;在相同的情况下才能&= #36827;行代数相加计算。　　（实际上，在= 616;场情况下，很难得到= ;各个元件在同一条件&#= 19979;的误差数据，因此ʌ= 92;综合误差数据一般是= 很难得到的，而且得= 1040;某一特定条件下的ಲ= 8;合误差数据意义也不&= #22823;。因此，在具体运= 992;时，大多采用尽可能= ;减小电能表误差、互&#= 24863;器误差、减少压降į= 40;方法来降低电能计量= 装置的综合误差。）
18	"２&= #12289;减少综合误差的..." ２、减少综合误差= 340;方法（１）尽量选用误= 046;较小的互感器。（２）根据互感器= 340;误差合理配对。因为= ;互感器的合成误差与&#= 27604;差、角差有关，所É= 97;在安装时应将互感器= 合理配对，尽量做到= 5509;入电能表同一元件௚= 0;电流互感器、电压互&= #24863;器的比差符号相反= 289;数值相近或相等；角= ;差符号相同、数值相&#= 36817;或相等，从而获得ů= 39;小的合成误差。（３）调整电能表#= 823;差时考虑互感器及压= ;降的合成误差。即调&#= 25972;电能表误差与互感Ý= 20;及压降的合成误差数= 值相近，符号相反，= 0174;而部分抵消互感器ࡡ= 0;压降的合成误差。这&= #31181;方法只是定性的，#= 201;完全利用表的误差来= ;抵消合成误差是不可&#= 33021;的。同时，互感器Ö= 50;压降误差太大时，应= 避免使表误差超查或= 5843;坏电能表误差曲线Ӎ= 0;
19	"（&= #65300;）尽量使互感器..." （４）尽量使互感= 120;运行在额定负载内。= ; （５）根据电能表$= 816;行条件合理调表（６）减少电压互= 863;器二次回路压降误差= ;。主要有以下几种措&#= 26045;：１）采用专用二次= 238;路；２）缩短二次回路&= 271;度；３）加大导线截面A= 307; ４）减少接触电阻A= 307; ５）尽量少采用辅= 161;接点及熔断器。